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Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire (19 August 1805 – 24 November 1895) was a French philosopher, journalist, statesman, and possible illegitimate son of Napoleon I of France. == Biography == Jules was born in Paris. Marie Belloc Lowndes, in the second volume of her autobiography ''Where Love and Friendship Dwelt'' (1943), made claims regarding his paternity. He was reportedly ashamed of and did not talk about it. Lowndes did not say who his mother was. In his early years he worked for the Ministry of Finance (1825–1828), and was an active journalist. From 1826 to 1830 he opposed the policies of Charles X of France in ''Le Globe''. At the revolution of 1830 he signed the protestation of the journalists on 28 July 1830. After 1830, he contributed to different newspapers, ''Le Constitutionnel'', ''Le National'' and ''Le Courrier français'' until 1833, when he gave up politics in order to devote himself to the history of ancient philosophy, undertaking a translation of Aristotle, which occupied him the greater part of his life. The reputation he gained from this work won him the chair of ancient philosophy at the Collège de France (1838) and a seat at the Academy of Moral and Political Science (1839). After the revolution of 1848 he was elected as a republican deputy from the ''département'' of Seine-et-Oise. He was named by the Minister of Public Instruction, Carnot, head of the commission preparing the draft for the education reforms. However, after Carnot's resignation and replacement by Alfred de Falloux, the commission was dissolved. Nevertheless, Barthélémy-Saint-Hilaire deposed to the National Assembly the report and the propositions written by the Commission, which were ignored. After the May 1849 legislative election, won by the conservative Parti de l'Ordre, he was however re-elected and named again as a member of the parliamentary commission on education. During three years, he thus played an important role during the debates leading to the adoption of the Falloux Laws in 1850-1851, which greatly increased the clergy's influence on education, to the dismay of Republicans such as Saint-Hilaire. He was obliged to withdraw after the December 1851 ''coup d'état'' of Louis Napoleon. In 1855 he went as member of the international commission to Egypt to report on the possibility of the proposed Suez canal, and by the articles which he wrote he contributed largely to making the project popular in France. Elected deputy again in 1869, he joined the opposition to the Second Empire, and in 1871 bent all his efforts to the election of Thiers as President of the Republic, acting afterwards as his secretary. Appointed senator for life in 1875, he took his place among the moderate republicans (aka Opportunist Republicans), and from 23 September 1880 to 14 November 1881 was minister of foreign affairs in the cabinet of Jules Ferry. The most important event of his administration was the annexation of Tunis under the form of a French protectorate, which he actively promoted. In 1882 the village of St. Hilaire, Minnesota, in the United States, was named in his honor.〔Upham, Warren (2001). ''Minnesota Place Names, A Geographical Encyclopedia'', Third Edition. MHS Press (ISBN 0-87351-396-7), pp. 436-437.〕 He died in Paris in 1895. His principal works, besides the translation of Aristotle and a number of studies connected with the same subject, are ''Des Védas'' (1854), ''Du Bouddhisme'' (1856) and ''Mahomet et le Coran'' (1865). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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